Be aware of cold-weather health risks

Michigan offers tips to stay warm, prevent falls on ice.

Winter has a host of health risks beyond seasonal illnesses. The Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) has compiled facts and guidelines on common winter health risks and how to mitigate them.

Hypothermia & Frostbite

Hypothermia occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it. This causes internal temperatures to drop so low that the body can no longer function properly. Hypothermia can occur in both cold weather and cool weather, especially if skin is wet.

MIReady recommends the following for the treatment of hypothermia:

Treating mild to moderate hypothermia (body temperature greater than 90 degrees Fahrenheit, conscious, shivering, able to walk):

  • Prevent further heat loss. Get the person into a warm area, remove wet clothing, and cover them with blankets.
  • Rewarm by warming the center of the body first including chest, neck, head and groin. Rehydrate with warm broth.
  • Get medical attention.

Treating severe hypothermia (body temperature less than 90 degrees, unconscious, not shivering):

  • Prevent further heat loss
  • Get medical attention immediately

Frostbite occurs when skin is exposed to frigid temperatures to the point where it begins to freeze. Frostbite can cause permanent damage to the body, and in severe cases, the affected area may be amputated. Children are at a greater risk for frostbite than adults.

MIReady recommends the following treatment for frostbite: Place firm, steady pressure from a warm hand against the area. Also, blow on the surface holding the frostbit area against the body. Do not rub the area, apply snow, or plunge it into very hot or cold water. Victims of severe frostbite must receive prompt medical attention.

Frostbite happens in stages:

Frostnip (also known as mild frostbite)

  • Skin may appear red
  • Area affected feels cold or numb

Superficial Frostbite

  • Area(s) affected may feel warm and tingly
  • Skin changes color from red to white and/or becomes pale

Severe/Deep Frostbite

  • Area(s) no longer feel cold and may be painful
  • Skin becomes whiter or turns blueish-gray
  • Joints and muscles no longer work in cold areas

Outdoor Winter Health Tips

  • Wear the proper attire
  • Dress in clothes that keep you warm and dry
  • Wear slip-resistant shoes with good, rubber treads
  • Clear snow and ice when possible
  • Shovel and/or treat driveways, walkways, and sidewalks
  • Use caution while walking to avoid falls
  • Stay off ice

If ice is unavoidable, “penguin walk”

  • Take slow, short steps
  • Keep feet shoulder-width apart

Carry a cellphone or let someone know when going outside. If a fall occurs and you can’t get up, you’ll have the means to call for help, or someone will know to look for you.